United States
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the fiscal year ended:
December 31, 2007
[ ] Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from __________ to __________
|
Commission File No. |
|
Name of Registrant, State of Incorporation, Address of Principal Executive Offices, and Telephone No. |
|
IRS Employer Identification No. |
|
000-49965 |
|
MGE Energy, Inc. (a Wisconsin Corporation) 133 South Blair Street Madison, Wisconsin 53703 (608) 252-7000 www.mgeenergy.com |
|
39-2040501 |
|
000-1125 |
|
Madison Gas and Electric Company (a Wisconsin Corporation) 133 South Blair Street Madison, Wisconsin 53703 (608) 252-7000 www.mge.com |
|
39-0444025 |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OF THE ACT:
|
|
Title of Class |
|
MGE Energy, Inc. |
Common Stock, $1 Par Value Per Share |
SECURITIES REGISTERED PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(g) OF THE ACT:
|
|
Title of Class |
|
Madison Gas and Electric Company |
Cumulative Preferred Stock, $25 Par Value Per Share |
Indicate by checkmark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
|
MGE Energy, Inc. Madison Gas and Electric Company |
Yes [X] No [ ] Yes [ ] No [X] |
Indicate by checkmark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
|
MGE Energy, Inc. Madison Gas and Electric Company |
Yes [ ] No [X ] Yes [ ] No [X ] |
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrants (1) have filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrants were required to file such reports) and (2) have been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by checkmark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrants' knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.
Indicate by checkmark if the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of "accelerated filer and large accelerated filer" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
|
|
MGE Energy, Inc. |
|
Madison Gas and Electric Company |
|
Large accelerated filer |
X |
|
- |
|
Accelerated filer |
- |
|
- |
|
Non-accelerated file |
- |
|
X |
Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).
|
MGE Energy, Inc. Madison Gas and Electric Company |
Yes [ ] No [X] Yes [ ] No [X] |
The aggregate market value of the voting and nonvoting common equity held by nonaffiliates of each registrant as of June 30, 2007, was as follows:
|
MGE Energy, Inc. |
$707,462,316 |
|
Madison Gas and Electric Company |
$0 |
The number of shares outstanding of each registrant's common stock as of February 1, 2008, were as follows:
|
MGE Energy, Inc. Madison Gas and Electric Company |
21,970,785 17,347,889 |
Documents Incorporated by Reference
Portions of MGE Energy, Inc.'s definitive proxy statement to be filed on or before April 14, 2008, relating to its annual meeting of shareholders, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this annual report on Form 10-K.
Madison Gas and Electric Company meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction (I)(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-K and is therefore omitting (i.) the information otherwise required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K relating to a list of subsidiaries of the registrant as permitted by General Instruction (I)(2)(b), (ii.) the information otherwise required by Item 6 relating to Selected Financial Data, (iii.) the information otherwise required by Item 10 relating to Directors and Executive Officers as permitted by General Instruction (I)(2)(c), (iv.) the information otherwise required by Item 11 relating to executive compensation as permitted by General Instruction (I)(2)(c), (v.) the information otherwise required by Item 12 relating to Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management, and (vi.) the information otherwise required by Item 13 relating to Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
Table of Contents
Where to Find More Information
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk - MGE Energy and MGE.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.
Signatures - Madison Gas and Electric Company
Filing Format
This combined Form 10-K is being filed separately by MGE Energy, Inc. (MGE Energy) and Madison Gas and Electric Company (MGE). MGE is a wholly owned subsidiary of MGE Energy and represents a majority of its assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and operations. Thus, all information contained in this report relates to, and is filed by, MGE Energy. Information that is specifically identified in this report as relating solely to MGE Energy, such as its financial statements and information relating to its nonregulated business, does not relate to, and is not filed by, MGE. MGE makes no representation as to that information.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report, and other documents filed by MGE Energy and MGE with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) from time to time, contain forward-looking statements that reflect management's current assumptions and estimates regarding future performance and economic conditionsespecially as they relate to future load growth, revenues, expenses, capital expenditures, financial resources, regulatory matters, and the scope and expense associated with future environmental regulation. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Both MGE Energy and MGE caution investors that these forward-looking statements are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected, expressed, or implied. The factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements made by a registrant a) include those factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, and b) other factors discussed in filings made by that registrant with the SEC.
Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which apply only as of the date of this report. MGE Energy and MGE undertake no obligation to publicly release any revision to these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report.
Where to Find More Information
The public may read and copy any reports or other information that MGE Energy and MGE file with the SEC at the SEC's public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. These documents are also available to the public from commercial document retrieval services and the web site maintained by the SEC at http://www.sec.gov.
Our Internet site addresses are www.mgeenergy.com and www.mge.com. On our sites, we have made available, free of charge, our most recent annual report on Form 10-K and proxy statement. We also provide, free of charge, our other filings with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. Information contained on MGE Energy's and MGE's web sites shall not be deemed incorporated into, or to be a part of, this report.
Definitions
Abbreviations, acronyms, and definitions used in the text and notes of this report are defined below.
|
AFUDC |
allowance for funds used during construction |
|
ALJ |
Administrative Law Judge |
|
Alliant |
Alliant Energy Corporation |
|
ANR |
ANR Pipeline Company |
|
APB |
Accounting Principles Board |
|
APBO |
Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation |
|
ARB |
Accounting Research Bulletin |
|
ATC |
American Transmission Company LLC |
|
ARO |
Asset Retirement Obligation |
|
BART |
Best Available Retrofit Technology |
|
Blount |
Blount Station |
|
CAIR |
Clean Air Interstate Rule |
|
CAMR |
Clean Air Mercury Rule |
|
CO2 |
carbon dioxide |
|
Columbia |
Columbia Energy Center |
|
cooling degree days |
Measure of the extent to which the average daily temperature is above 65 degrees Fahrenheit, increasing demand for cooling |
|
CWDC |
Central Wisconsin Development Corporation |
|
DNR |
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |
|
Dth |
dekatherms |
|
Distribution Agreement |
Distribution Agreement between MGE Energy and J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. |
|
EITF |
Emerging Issues Task Force |
|
Elm Road |
Elm Road Generating Station |
|
EPA |
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency |
|
EPC |
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction |
|
FASB |
Financial Accounting Standards Board |
|
FERC |
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
|
FIN |
FASB Interpretation No. |
|
FSP |
FASB Staff Position No. |
|
FTR |
Financial Transmission Rights |
|
GCIM |
gas cost incentive mechanism |
|
GHG |
greenhouse gas |
|
heating degree days (HDD) |
Measure of the extent to which the average daily temperature is below 65 degrees Fahrenheit, increasing demand for heating |
|
IBEW |
International Brotherhood of Electric Workers |
|
interconnection agreement |
Generation-Transmission Interconnection Agreement |
|
kV |
kilovolt |
|
kVA |
kilovolt ampere |
|
kWh |
kilowatt-hour |
|
lbs |
pounds |
|
LIBOR |
London Inter Bank Offer Rate |
|
LIFO |
Last-in-first-out pricing |
|
MACT |
Maximum available control technology |
|
MAGAEL |
MAGAEL, LLC |
|
MAIN |
Mid-America Interconnected Network, Inc. |
|
MGE |
Madison Gas and Electric Company |
|
MGE Construct |
MGE Construct LLC |
|
MGE Energy |
MGE Energy, Inc. |
|
MGE Power |
MGE Power LLC |
|
MGE Power Elm Road |
MGE Power Elm Road, LLC |
|
MGE Power West Campus |
MGE Power West Campus, LLC |
|
MGE Transco |
MGE Transco Investment LLC |
|
Midwest ISO |
Midwest Independent System Operator (a regional transmission organization) |
|
MMBtu |
million British thermal units |
|
Moody's |
Moody's Investors Service, Inc. |
|
MRO |
Midwest Reliability Organization |
|
MW |
megawatt |
|
MWh |
megawatt-hour |
|
NAAQS |
National Ambient Air Quality Standards |
|
Nasdaq |
The Nasdaq Stock Market |
|
NERC |
National Electric Reliability Council |
|
NNG |
Northern Natural Gas Company |
|
NOx |
nitrogen oxide |
|
NR |
Natural Resources |
|
NSPS |
new source performance standards |
|
OPEIU |
Office and Professional Employees International Union |
|
PGA |
Purchased Gas Adjustment clause |
|
PJM |
PJM Interconnection, LLC (a regional transmission organization) |
|
PSCW |
Public Service Commission of Wisconsin |
|
RSG |
Revenue Sufficiency Guarantee Charge |
|
RTO |
Regional Transmission Organization |
|
SAB |
Staff Accounting Bulletin |
|
SEC |
Securities and Exchange Commission |
|
SECA |
Seams Elimination Cost Adjustments |
|
SFAS |
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (issued by the FASB) |
|
SO2 |
sulfur dioxide |
|
the State |
State of Wisconsin |
|
Stock Plan |
Direct Stock Purchase and Dividend Reinvestment Plan of MGE Energy |
|
USW |
United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial, and Service Workers International Union |
|
UW |
University of Wisconsin at Madison |
|
VIE |
Variable Interest Entity |
|
WCCF |
West Campus Cogeneration Facility |
|
WDNR |
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources |
|
WEPCO |
Wisconsin Electric Power Company |
|
Working capital |
current assets less current liabilities |
|
WPDES |
Wisconsin Pollutant Discharge Elimination System |
|
WPSC |
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation |
|
WUMS |
Wisconsin and Upper Peninsula of Michigan System |
PART I.
Item 1. Business.
MGE Energy operates in the following business segments:
Electric utility operationsgenerating, purchasing, and distributing electricity through MGE.
Gas utility operationspurchasing and distributing natural gas through MGE.
Nonregulated energy operationsconstructing, owning, and leasing new electric generating capacity that will assist MGE through MGE Energy's wholly owned subsidiaries MGE Power, MGE Power Elm Road and MGE Power West Campus.
Transmission Investmentsinvesting in companies engaged in the business of providing electric transmission services, such as ATC. In the fourth quarter of 2005, the investment in ATC was transferred from MGE to MGE Transco.
All Otherinvesting in companies and property which relate to the regulated operations, financing the regulated operations, or providing construction services to the other subsidiaries through its wholly owned subsidiaries MGE Construct, MAGAEL and CWDC, and Corporate functions.
MGE's utility operations represent a majority of the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and operations of MGE Energy. MGE Energy's nonregulated energy operations currently include a undivided interest in the assets of the West Campus Cogeneration Facility. MGE Power West Campus owns 55% of the facility, which represents its interest in the electric generating assets and the UW owns 45% of the facility, which represents their interest in the steam and chilled water assets. The UW's share of the plant and portion of the earnings from the WCCF are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements of MGE and MGE Energy. Nonregulated energy operations also include an undivided 8.33% ownership interest in each of two 615 MW generating units being constructed in Oak Creek, Wisconsin.
As a public utility, MGE is subject to regulation by the PSCW and the FERC. The PSCW has authority to regulate most aspects of MGE's business including rates, accounts, issuance of securities, and plant and transmission line siting. The PSCW also has authority over certain aspects of MGE Energy as a holding company of a public utility. FERC has jurisdiction, under the Federal Power Act, over certain accounting practices and certain other aspects of MGE's business.
MGE Energy's subsidiaries are also subject to regulation under local, state, and federal laws regarding air and water quality and solid waste disposal. See "Environmental" below.
MGE Energy was organized as a Wisconsin corporation in 2001. MGE was organized as a Wisconsin corporation in 1896. Their principal offices are located at 133 South Blair Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53703.
Electric Utility Operations
MGE generates and distributes electricity in a service area covering a 315 square-mile area of Dane County, Wisconsin. Its service area includes the city of Madison, Wisconsin.
At December 31, 2007, MGE supplied electric service to nearly 136,000 customers, with approximately 89% located in the cities of Fitchburg, Madison, Middleton, and Monona and 11% in adjacent areas. Of the total number of customers, approximately 87% were residential and 13% were commercial or industrial. Electric revenues for 2007, 2006, and 2005 were comprised of the following:
|
|
Twelve Months Ended December 31, | ||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Residential |
33.8% |
|
34.2% |
|
33.3% |
|
Commercial |
51.9% |
|
51.8% |
|
47.7% |
|
Industrial |
5.4% |
|
5.5% |
|
5.6% |
|
Public authorities (including the UW) |
8.0% |
|
8.4% |
|
7.4% |
|
Other utilities and other |
0.9% |
|
0.1% |
|
6.0% |
|
Total |
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
Electric operations accounted for approximately 62.8%, 63.3%, and 60.8% of MGE's total 2007, 2006, and 2005 regulated revenues, respectively.
See Item 2, Properties, for a description of MGE's electric utility plant.
MGE has chosen to join the MRO as its regional reliability council. The essential purposes of the MRO are: (1) the development and implementation of regional and NERC reliability standards, and (2) determining compliance with those standards, including enforcement mechanisms. The MRO also provides other services consistent with its reliability charter.
Transmission
Reliability 2000 legislation enacted in Wisconsin mandated, among other things, the creation of a statewide transmission company to own the investor-owned utilities' transmission assets. Pursuant to these provisions, effective January 1, 2001, MGE transferred all of its electric utility transmission assets to ATC in exchange for an ownership interest in ATC. At December 31, 2007, MGE Transco held a 3.6% ownership interest in ATC as a result of the aforementioned assets transferred and subsequent additional capital contributions made.
ATC is owned by the utilities that contributed facilities or capital in accordance with Wisconsin law. ATC's purpose is to provide reliable, economic transmission service to all customers in a fair and equitable manner. ATC plans, constructs, operates, maintains, and expands transmission facilities that it owns to provide adequate and reliable transmission of power. ATC is regulated by FERC for all rate terms and conditions of service and is a transmission-owning member of the Midwest ISO. MGE is however a non-transmission owning member of the Midwest ISO.
Regional Transmission Organizations
On February 1, 2002, MGE started taking network transmission service from the Midwest ISO. Midwest ISO is a nonprofit RTO approved by FERC. The Midwest ISO is responsible for monitoring the electric transmission system that delivers power from generating plants to wholesale power transmitters. Its role is to ensure equal access to the transmission system and to maintain or improve electric system reliability in the Midwest.
As a FERC approved RTO, Midwest ISO is required to provide a real-time market-based mechanism for congestion management. On April 1, 2005, Midwest ISO implemented its bid-based energy market. At that time, MGE began offering substantially all of its generation on the Midwest ISO market and purchasing much of its load requirement from the Midwest ISO market in accordance with the Midwest ISO Tariff.
Additionally, on May 1, 2004, MGE became a member of PJM. PJM is also an RTO. PJM is a neutral and independent party that coordinates and directs the operation of the region's transmission grid, administers a competitive wholesale electricity market, and plans regional transmission expansion improvements to maintain grid reliability and relieve congestion. MGE has two purchase power agreements, for a total of 65 MW, that are impacted by this market.
Fuel supply and generation
MGE satisfies its customers' electric demand with purchased power and internal generation. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006, and 2005, MGE's electric energy delivery requirements were satisfied by the following sources:
|
|
Twelve Months Ended December 31, | ||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Coal |
51.3% |
|
48.7% |
|
52.0% |
|
Natural gas |
8.2% |
|
6.8% |
|
10.0% |
|
Fuel oil |
0.1% |
|
0.1% |
|
0.1% |
|
Renewable sources |
0.8% |
|
0.7% |
|
1.2% |
|
Purchased power |
39.6% |
|
43.7% |
|
36.7% |
|
Total |
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
Sources used depend on market prices, generating unit availability, weather, and customer demand.
Coal
MGE and two other utilities jointly own Columbia, a coal-fired generating facility, which accounts for 29% (225 MW) of MGE's net generating capability. Power from this facility is shared in proportion to each owner's ownership interest. MGE has a 22% ownership interest in Columbia. The other owners are Alliant, which operates Columbia, and WPSC. The Columbia units burn low-sulfur coal obtained (pursuant to long-term contracts) from the Powder River Basin coal fields located in Wyoming and Montana.
MGE's share of the coal inventory supply for the units increased from 31 days on December 31, 2006, to 33 days on December 31, 2007. The co-owners' current goal is to maintain approximately a 35 day inventory.
MGE also owns the Blount Generating Facility located in Madison, Wisconsin, which is fueled by coal, gas, and other alternative renewable sources. On January 19, 2006, MGE announced a plan, subject to certain conditions, that includes discontinuing coal use at the end of 2011 at Blount. The plant will continue to run on natural gas but will be reduced from its current approximate 190 MW capacity to 100 MW when coal burning is discontinued.
Natural gas and oil
MGE owns gas fired combustion turbines. These turbines are primarily located in Madison and Marinette, Wisconsin and have a total of 174 MW of generating capacity.
See discussion above for discussion of the Blount Generating Facility and see below discussion under Nonregulated Operations for MGE's interest in a natural gas-fired cogeneration facility on the UW campus.
Renewable generation sources
On September 29, 2006, MGE formalized plans to acquire 29.7 MW or 18 turbines in a wind-powered electric generating facility to be constructed in Worth County, Iowa. This project is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2008. At December 31, 2007, MGE had incurred $55.9 million (excluding AFUDC) of costs on the project, which is reflected in the Construction Work in Progress balance on MGE and MGE Energy's consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, MGE had recorded a total of $2.4 million in AFUDC-debt and equity which is also reflected in Construction Work in Progress at December 31, 2007. MGE will begin recovering the cost of this project in rates in 2008.
Purchased power
As mentioned under the discussion on "Regional Transmission Organizations" above, at the time Midwest ISO implemented its bid-based energy market, MGE began offering substantially all of its generation on the Midwest ISO market and purchasing much of its load requirement from the Midwest ISO market in accordance with the Midwest ISO Tariff. Accordingly, the Midwest ISO market is the source of MGE's purchased power needs.
MGE also has purchase power contracts with two companies located in the PJM market. These agreements provide a means for MGE to participate in the PJM market via the receipt of FTRs. Under these agreements MGE has the contractual right to 65 MW of power.
On September 21, 2007, MGE entered into a ten-year purchase power agreement which provides MGE with firm capacity, energy, and a pro-rata share of the counterparty's rights to renewable attributes beginning on June 1, 2012, and ending on May 31, 2022 (the "base term"). This agreement obligates MGE to purchase a minimum of 50 MW of capacity each year and a fixed amount of energy. Pursuant to the terms of this agreement, MGE has the option to extend the ten year term and/or purchase additional energy and capacity during the base term. MGE has not exercised either of these options at this time.
On April 23, 2007, MGE entered into a 20-year purchase power agreement for wind generation. Under this agreement, MGE has agreed to purchase 30 MW of wind power from the Top of Iowa II project which is being constructed in Iowa. This facility became operational in January 2008. MGE does not have any capacity payment commitments under this agreement. However, MGE is obligated to purchase its ratable share of the energy produced by the project.
On February 21, 2007, MGE and Invenergy signed an amendment to an existing purchase power agreement. Under this amended agreement, MGE has agreed to purchase for a 20-year term approximately 15 MW of wind power at a facility to be constructed near Brownsville, Wisconsin. Construction of this facility began in June 2007 and the facility is expected to be operational in early 2008. MGE does not have any capacity payment commitments under this agreement. However, MGE is obligated to purchase its ratable share of the energy produced by the unit.
Gas Utility Operations
MGE transports and distributes natural gas in a service area covering 1,625 square miles in seven south-central Wisconsin counties. Its service area includes the city of Madison, Wisconsin.
On December 31, 2007, MGE supplied natural gas service to nearly 140,000 customers in the cities of Elroy, Fitchburg, Lodi, Madison, Middleton, Monona, Prairie du Chien, Verona, and Viroqua; 24 villages; and all or parts of 45 townships. Of the total number of customers, approximately 89% were residential and 11% were commercial or industrial. Gas revenues for 2007, 2006, and 2005 were comprised of the following:
|
|
Twelve Months Ended December 31, | ||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2006 |
|
2005 |
|
Residential |
55.6% |
|
55.0% |
|
55.6% |
|
Commercial |
38.3% |
|
38.3% |
|
39.1% |
|
Industrial |
4.0% |
|
3.6% |
|
2.3% |
|
Transportation service and other |
2.1% |
|
3.1% |
|
3.0% |
|
Total |
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
|
100.0% |
Gas operations accounted for approximately 37.2%, 36.7%, and 39.2% of MGE's total 2007, 2006, and 2005 regulated revenues, respectively.
MGE can curtail gas deliveries to its interruptible customers. Approximately 7% of gas deliveries in 2007 and 8% of gas sold in 2006 were to interruptible customers.
Gas supply
MGE has physical interconnections with ANR and NNG. MGE's primary service territory, which includes Madison and the surrounding area, receives deliveries at one NNG and four ANR gate stations. MGE also receives deliveries at NNG gate stations located in Elroy, Prairie du Chien, Viroqua, and Crawford County. Interconnections with two major pipelines provide competition in interstate pipeline service and a more reliable and economical gas supply mix, which includes gas from Canada and from the mid-continent and Gulf/offshore regions in the United States.
During the winter months, when customer demand is high, MGE is primarily concerned with meeting its obligation to firm customers. MGE meets customer demand by using firm supplies under contracts finalized before the heating season, supplies in storage (injected during the summer), and other firm supplies purchased during the winter period.
By contract, a total of 5,430,964 Dth can be injected into ANR's storage fields in Michigan from April 1 through October 31. These gas supplies are then available for withdrawal during the subsequent heating season, November 1 through March 31. Using storage allows MGE to buy gas supplies during the summer season, when prices are normally lower, and withdraw these supplies during the winter season, when prices are typically higher. Storage also gives MGE more flexibility in meeting daily load fluctuations.
MGE's contracts for firm transportation service include winter maximum daily quantities of:
161,150 Dth (including 96,078 Dth of storage withdrawals) on ANR.
59,608 Dth on NNG.
Nonregulated Energy Operations
MGE Energy, through its subsidiaries, seeks to develop generation sources that will assist MGE in meeting the electricity needs of its customers. Decisions on the type of energy source and its size, timing, ownership, and financing depend upon a number of factors including the growth of customer demand in MGE's service area and surrounding areas, the effectiveness of customer demand management efforts, the costs and availability of alternative power sources, the availability of transmission capacity, issues associated with siting power generation sources, available financing and ownership structures, regulatory treatment and recovery, construction lead times and risks, and other factors. The decisions tend to involve long-time horizons due to the lead time involved in siting and constructing new generation sources and the associated transmission infrastructure.
WCCF
MGE Power West Campus and the UW jointly own undivided interests in a natural gas-fired cogeneration facility on the UW campus. The facility has the capacity to produce 20,000 tons of chilled water, 500,000 pounds per hour of steam, and approximately 150 MW of electricity. The UW owns 45% of the facility, which represents its interest in the chilled-water and steam assets. These assets are used to meet the UW's growing need for air-conditioning and steam-heat capacity. MGE Power West Campus owns 55% of the facility, which represents its interest in the electric generating assets. These assets are used to provide electricity to MGE's customers. The UW's share of the plant and portion of the earnings from the WCCF are not reflected in the consolidated financial statements of MGE or MGE Energy. MGE Power West Campus' share of the cost of this project is reflected in Property, Plant, and Equipment on MGE and MGE Energy's consolidated balance sheets
MGE leases the electric generating assets owned by MGE Power West Campus and is responsible for operating the entire facility. On April 26, 2005, the facility lease between MGE and MGE Power West Campus commenced. The financial terms of the facility lease include a capital structure of 53% equity and 47% long-term debt, return on equity of 12.1%, and a lease term of 30 years. At the end of the lease term in 2035, MGE may, at its option, renew the facility lease for an additional term, purchase the generating facility at fair market value or allow the lease contract to end. Under the Joint Ownership Agreement for WCCF, the State has an option to acquire at the higher of book or market cost, a 45 MW interest in WCCF or enter into a purchase power agreement for 45 MWs of capacity.
Elm Road
On November 4, 2005, MGE Power Elm Road closed on the exercise of an option to acquire an undivided 8.33% ownership interest in each of two 615 MW advanced technology, coal-fired generating units being constructed by We Energies in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. MGE Power Elm Road's estimated share of capital costs for its 8.33% ownership interest in both units is approximately $171 million (excluding capitalized interest) which it intends to finance primarily through funds received from MGE Energy. MGE Energy expects that these funds will be raised through the sale of common stock (via the Stock Plan), short-term debt, and operating cash flows. At December 31, 2007, MGE Power Elm Road had incurred $103.7 million (excluding capitalized interest) of costs on the project, which is reflected in the Construction Work In Progress balance on MGE and MGE Energy's consolidated balance sheets.
On the date of acquisition, MGE Energy and its subsidiaries entered into various agreements, including a facility lease agreement. This facility lease agreement is between MGE Power Elm Road (a nonregulated subsidiary of MGE Energy) and MGE. The financial terms of the facility lease include a capital structure of 55% equity and 45% long-term debt, and return on equity of 12.7%, a lease term of 30 years, and a 5% rent reduction in the first five years.
On November 1, 2005, MGE received approval from the PSCW to defer payments made to MGE Power Elm Road for carrying costs during construction of the facility, management fees, and community impact mitigation costs. MGE began collecting the carrying costs in rates in 2006. MGE estimates total carrying costs to be approximately $53.6 million. Of these costs, $21.1 million is estimated to relate to the capitalized interest and the debt portion of the facility. These costs will be recognized over the period in which the facility will be depreciated. The remaining $32.5 million is estimated to represent the equity portion and is being recognized over the period recovered in rates.
Environmental
MGE is subject to local, state, and federal regulations concerning air quality, water quality, and solid waste disposal. The EPA administers certain federal statutes relating to such matters. The DNR administers certain state statutes as to such matters and has primary jurisdiction over standards relating to air and water quality and solid and hazardous waste. Those regulations affect the manner in which MGE conducts its operations, the costs of those operations, as well as some capital and operating expenditures. It can also affect the siting, timing, and cost of new projects or other significant actions affecting the environment. MGE is not able to predict the direction of future regulations or if compliance with any such regulations will involve additional expenditures for pollution control equipment, plant modifications, or curtailment of operations. Such actions could reduce capacity or efficiency at existing plants or delay the construction and operation of future generating facilities.
Air quality
Air quality regulations promulgated by the EPA and DNR in accordance with the Federal Clean Air Act and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 impose restrictions on emission of particulates, sulfur dioxide (SO2) nitrogen oxides (NOx) and other pollutants and require permits for operation of emission sources. These permits have been obtained by MGE and must be renewed periodically. Various initiatives, including the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), Clean Air Mercury Rule (CAMR), maximum achievable control technology (MACT) standards, new source performance standards (NSPS) and Regional Haze Regulations, as well as existing and proposed state mercury emissions limits, may result in additional operating and capital expenditure costs.
The CAIR requires NOx and SO2 emission reductions in two phases and includes a regional cap-and-trade system. The first phase begins in 2009 for NOx and 2010 for SO2, and contemplates reductions of 55% and 40%, respectively, increasing in the second phase by 2015 to 65% and 70%, respectively; in each case over 2003 levels. MGE owns several generation units currently subject to CAIR: Blount Generating Station, Columbia, M34 (West Marinette) and Fitchburg Substation. In future generation years, Elm Road will be and WCCF may be affected by CAIR. MGE anticipates that it may need to purchase NOx and SO2 allowances and /or install equipment at Columbia to meet CAIR allocations for its generation fleet. The exact cost of the allowances and/or equipment installation is not known at this time.
CAMR seeks to reduce mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants through a system of monitoring and several compliance options, including equipment installations and allowance trading options through a cap-and-trade system, which are scheduled to commence in 2009; although there is some uncertainty in light of a February 8, 2008 U.S. Court of Appeals decision invalidating the rule's cap-and-trade provisions. In March 2007, the DNR proposed state mercury rules under NR 446 to address its requirements under CAMR. The state's proposed rule is significantly different from the federal CAMR. If the state's version of CAMR as currently proposed becomes a rule, it will increase CAMR compliance costs for Columbia, Blount and Elm Road (those facilities currently subject to CAMR) because it is more restrictive in scope than the federal CAMR. However, it is unknown at this time what those additional costs would be. The Wisconsin DNR has announced that it intends to introduce a revised proposed rule some time in 2008. Thus, the economic and operational effect on MGE is not known at this time.
Air modeling indicates that emissions from Columbia may impair visibility at certain Class I Scenic Areas and may therefore be subject to Regional Haze and Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) regulations. DNR expects to submit rules on BART and/or Regional Haze to EPA in 2008 with BART becoming effective in 2013. The State of Minnesota has also asserted that Wisconsin emission sources significantly contribute to visibility impairment at the Boundary Water Canoe Wilderness Area and Voyageurs National Park. Minnesota has asked Wisconsin to evaluate reducing the Wisconsin statewide average SO2 and NOx emission rates for electric generating units to approximately 0.25 lbs/MMBtu by 2018. If adopted, these rates could affect capital, operational and maintenance expenses at MGE's generating facilities.
In 1998, the EPA issued a rule that imposed a NOx emission budget for emission sources in Wisconsin. In 2000, the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia invalidated a portion of the rule as applied to Wisconsin; however, the Court stayed that portion of the challenge concerning Wisconsin's alleged impacts on downwind, eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas. EPA has also stayed that portion of the rule concerning Wisconsin's alleged impacts on downwind eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas. If that portion of the rule concerning eight-hour ozone nonattainment areas is upheld, the resulting NOx emission budget for Wisconsin could potentially affect the level of permissible NOx emissions from Blount, Columbia, and WCCF.
The EPA recently lowered the acceptable 24-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for fine particulate matter, i.e., particles that are 2.5 microns or smaller in diameter and states must monitor and collect data on fine particulate levels in order to establish attainment and nonattainment areas for the new standard. States (including Wisconsin) determine designation by county and/or area based on whether the county/area meets the NAAQS (designated as attainment) or the county does not meet the NAAQS (designated as nonattainment), as measured by air monitors placed in that county/area. In mid-December 2007, Wisconsin recommended that the EPA designate all areas in the state as attainment. However, EPA will finalize designations (attainment or nonattainment) in 2009. Updated air monitoring results may play a role in EPA's designation decision. Designations of nonattainment and implementation of the fine particulate NAAQS could affect capital, operational and maintenance expenses at generating facilities.
Compliance with these and other related environmental initiatives is expected to result in significant additional operating and capital expenditures at Columbia. The Columbia operator's current estimates show that MGE's share of the capital expenditures required to comply with these environmental initiatives will be between $130 million and $200 million. According to current estimates, compliance with these initiatives is also expected to result in an increase to MGE's pro-rata share of Columbia's on-going operating expenses. The operator and MGE management are continuing to explore various alternatives to comply with these standards. Accordingly, actual capital expenditures may fall above or below the range provided. These standards and initiatives may also result in additional capital and operating expenditures at MGE's other generating facilities. MGE expects that the costs to comply with these standards will be fully recoverable through rates. Pursuant to an order issued by the PSCW on September 14, 2007, MGE is permitted to defer pre-certification and pre-construction costs related to compliance with CAIR and CAMR regulations at Columbia. Additionally, MGE is entitled to 100% AFUDC on the related pre-construction costs.
Water quality
MGE is subject to water quality regulations issued by the DNR. These regulations include categorical-effluent discharge standards, which require the use of effluent-treatment processes equivalent to categorical "best practicable" or "best available" technologies under compliance schedules established under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. The DNR has published categorical regulations for chemical and thermal discharges from electric-steam generating plants. The regulations limit discharges from MGE's plants into Lake Monona and other Wisconsin waters. The DNR has also proposed rules regarding thermal discharge which are subject to comment and further modification. Depending on the terms of the final rules, MGE may be required to make significant additional capital expenditures but are expected to be recoverable in rates.
In 2004, the EPA promulgated final rules under Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act addressing cooling water intake structures for existing large power plants (Phase II rule). A challenge to this rule was upheld in a January 2007 court decision and significant parts of the rule were remanded to the EPA for further consideration. In July 2007, EPA suspended the Phase II rule in its entirety and directed states to use their "best professional judgment" in evaluating intake systems. The ruling, and EPA's actions in response, which may change the compliance requirements, may affect the timing and costs associated with MGE's WPDES permit for Blount and possibly the WPDES permit for the Oak Creek/Elm Road facility. At this time, MGE is unable to determine the timing or amount of that impact.
The WPDES permit for the Oak Creek/Elm Road facility has been contested. On November 29, 2007, an Administrative Law Judge (the "ALJ") determined that the two additional coal units that are part of the Oak Creek expansion are "new facilities" under Section 316(b) of the Federal Clean Water Act and therefore are subject to the standards promulgated by EPA for new facilities in the so-called Phase I rule. Unlike the Phase II rule for existing facilities previously discussed, the Phase I rules for new facilities largely withstood judicial review and are valid. The ALJ did not vacate the WPDES permit or any other permit necessary to continue construction of the two additional coal units, pointing out that, based upon the present record, the water intake currently under construction as part of the Oak Creek expansion may be permittable under the standards that apply to new facilities.
The ALJ remanded the WPDES permit to the WDNR with a direction that it reissue or modify the permit to reflect "best technology available" to comply with the standards applicable to new facilities under Wisconsin state law. As part of the decision, the ALJ restated his prior opinion that the water intake system currently under construction may not be operated so long as it remains a contested matter regarding the WPDES permit. The ALJ's ruling has been appealed to circuit court.
The Operator has advised us that there are alternatives under the EPA's rule for new facilities that would permit the use of the once-through cooling system rather than the use of cooling towers. The Operator has requested the WDNR to issue a modified permit and has submitted additional information to the WDNR supporting the request for approval of the once-through cooling system under this rule. The Operator anticipates the WDNR will complete the WPDES permit modifications process in the first half of 2008. At this time, we cannot predict with certainty what the WDNR's decision will be. A reissued permit would be subject to public comment and possible administrative and legal review.
While the process for modifying the WPDES permit proceeds, construction of the additional coal units will continue on the current schedule.
Solid waste
MGE is listed as a potentially responsible party for a site the EPA has placed on the national priorities Superfund list. The Lenz Oil site in Lemont, Illinois, was used for storing and processing waste oil for several years. This site requires clean up under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act. A group of companies, including MGE, is currently working on cleaning up the site. Management believes that its share of the final cleanup costs for the Lenz Oil site will not result in any materially adverse effects on MGE's operations, cash flows, or financial position. Insurance may cover a portion of the cleanup costs. Management believes that the cleanup costs not covered by insurance will be recovered in current and future rates. As of December 31, 2007, a $0.1 million gross liability was accrued for this matter.
Global climate change
The United States is currently not a party to the United Nations' Kyoto Protocol that became effective for signatories on February 16, 2005. The Protocol process generally requires developed countries to cap greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at certain levels during the 2008 to 2012 time period. Although GHG is not currently regulated in the United States, MGE recognizes that these gasesparticularly carbon dioxide (CO2), which is released in the burning of fossil fuelsmay face future legislative or regulatory restrictions. Environmental-related legislation is regularly introduced in Congress and in the Wisconsin legislature. Such legislation typically includes various compliance dates and compliance limits. There are several proposed versions of legislation pending in Congress and in the Wisconsin legislature to address global climate changes, including efforts to reduce and control and/or tax the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, created in the combustion of fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and oil. Bills are also considering releases associated with natural gas pipelines and company fleets. In addition, there could be national and state mandates to produce increasing percentages of electricity from renewable forms of energy, such as wind. Such legislation could have the potential for a significant financial impact on MGE, including the cost to install new emission control equipment, purchase allowances, or do fuel switching. However, the financial consequences of this compliance cannot be determined until final legislation is passed. MGE management would expect to seek and receive recovery of such compliance measures through rate increases, yet the probability and specific impact of such legislation cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. MGE will continue to monitor proposed legislation.
Employees
As of December 31, 2007, MGE had 724 employees. MGE employs 247 employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Local Union 2304 of the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and 102 employees who are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Local Union No. 39 of the Office and Professional Employees International Union. Both of these collective bargaining agreements expire on April 30, 2009. There are also five employees covered by a collective bargaining agreement with Local Union No. 2-111 of the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial, and Service Workers International Union. This collective bargaining agreement expires on November 1, 2009.
Financial Information About Segments
See Footnote 24 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for financial information relating to MGE Energy's and MGE's business segments.
Executive Officers of the Registrants
|
Executive |
Title |
Effective Date |
Service Years as an Officer |
|
Gary J. Wolter(a) Age: 53 |
Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer |
02/01/2002 |
18 |
|
Lynn K. Hobbie(b) Age: 49 |
Senior Vice President |
02/01/2000 |
12 |
|
James G. Bidlingmaier(b) Age: 61 |
Vice President - Admin. and Chief Information Officer |
02/01/2000 |
8 |
|
Kristine A. Euclide(b) Age: 55 |
Vice President and General Counsel |
11/15/2001 |
6 |
|
Terry A. Hanson(a) Age: 56 |
Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Secretary |
10/01/2001 |
16 |
|
Scott A. Neitzel(b) Age: 47 |
Vice President - Energy Supply Vice President- Energy Supply Policy |
09/01/2006 07/01/2002 |
10 |
|
Jeffrey C. Newman(a) Age: 45 |
Vice President and Treasurer |
01/01/2001 |
10 |
|
Peter J. Waldron(b) Age: 50 |
Vice President and Operations Officer Vice President - Energy Supply Operations |
09/01/2006 07/01/2002 |
11 |
Note: Ages, years of service, and positions as of December 31, 2007.
(a)
Executive officer of MGE Energy and MGE
(b)
Executive officer of MGE
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
MGE Energy and its subsidiaries, including MGE, operate in a market environment that involves significant risks, many of which are beyond their control. The following risk factors may adversely affect their results of operations, cash flows and market price for their publicly traded securities. While MGE Energy and MGE believe they have identified and discussed below the key risk factors affecting their business, there may be additional risks and uncertainties that are not presently known or that are not currently believed to be significant that may adversely affect their performance or financial condition in the future.
Regulatory Risk
We are subject to extensive government regulation in our business, which affects our costs and responsiveness to changing events and circumstances.
Our business is subject to regulation at the State and Federal levels. We are subject to regulation as a holding company by the PSCW. MGE is regulated by the PSCW as to its rates, terms and conditions of service; various business practices and transactions; financing; and transactions between it and its affiliates, including MGE Energy. MGE is also subject to regulation by the FERC, which regulates certain aspects of its business. The regulations adopted by the State and Federal agencies affect the manner in which we do business, our ability to undertake specified actions since pre-approval or authorization may be required, the costs of operations, and the level of rates charged to recover such costs. Our ability to attract capital is also dependent in part, upon our ability to obtain a fair return from the PSCW.
We face risk for the recovery of fuel and purchased power costs when they exceed the base rate established in MGE's current rate structure.
MGE burns natural gas in several of its peak electric generation facilities, and in many cases, the cost of purchased power is tied to the cost of natural gas. MGE bears significant regulatory risk for the recovery from customers of such fuel and purchased power costs when they are higher than the base rate established in its current rate structure.
We are subject to environmental laws and regulations that affect our costs and business plans.
Our subsidiaries are subject to environmental laws and regulations that affect the manner in which they conduct business, including capital expenditures, operating costs and potential liabilities. Changes and developments in these laws and regulations may change or limit our business plans, make them more costly to implement, or expose us to liabilities for past or current operations.
Numerous environmental regulations govern many aspects of our present and future operations, including air emissions, water quality, wastewater discharges, solid waste, and hazardous waste; and continue to evolve in response to real or perceived concerns, regulatory initiatives, non-governmental organizational initiatives and private parties and legal process. The development of these regulations can introduce uncertainty into the planning and implementation process for long-lead time projects, such as generating stations, and can introduce costly delays if previous decisions need to be revisited as a result of judicial mandate or regulatory change. These regulations generally require us to obtain and comply with a wide variety of environmental licenses, permits, inspections, and other approvals, and can result in increased capital, operating, and other costs, particularly with regard to enforcement efforts focused on power plant emissions obligations. These effects can be seen not only with respect to new construction, such as our participation in the Elm Road generating units, but could also require the addition of additional control equipment or the implementation of other compliance measures.
In addition, we may be a responsible party for environmental clean up at sites identified as containing hazardous materials. It is difficult to predict the costs potentially associated with a site clean-up due to the potential joint and several liability for all potentially responsible parties, the nature of the clean-up required and the availability of recovery from other potentially responsible parties.
We may incur material costs of compliance if federal and/or state legislation is adopted to address climate change.
Various persons, including legislators, regulators and private parties, have increasingly expressed concern about the effects of global warming and the effects of greenhouse gases (GHG). These concerns have prompted federal and state legislation that would regulate or cap such emissions to be actively discussed. There are several proposed versions of legislation pending in the U.S. Congress and in the Wisconsin legislature to address global climate changes, including efforts to reduce and control and/or tax the emission of GHG, such as carbon dioxide, created in the combustion of fossil fuels, including coal, natural gas, and oil. Bills are also considering releases associated with natural gas pipelines and company fleets. These legislative initiatives are sometime paired with efforts to mandate increasing percentages of electricity from renewable forms of energy, such as wind, or to reduce the demand for electricity. Such legislation could have the potential for a significant financial impact on MGE, including the cost to install new emission control equipment, purchase allowances, or do fuel switching. However, the financial consequences of this compliance cannot be determined until final legislation is passed.
Our business may be negatively affected by the restructuring of the energy industry.
MGE is a member of the Midwest ISO, a FERC-approved RTO. Effective April 1, 2005, Midwest ISO implemented its bid-based energy market. MGE cannot predict the impact the new market may ultimately have on its electric operations. Also, the ability of Midwest ISO to maintain its members is an important factor in the success of its operations.
Operating Risk
We are affected by weather, which affects customer demand and can affect the operation of our facilities.
The demand for electricity and gas is affected by weather. Very warm and very cold temperatures, especially for prolonged periods, can dramatically increase the demand for electricity for cooling and heating, respectively, as opposed to the softening effect of more moderate temperatures. Our electric revenues are sensitive to the summer cooling season and, to a lesser extent, the winter heating season. Similarly, very cold temperatures can dramatically increase the demand for gas for heating. A significant portion of our gas system demand is driven by heating. Extreme summer conditions or storms may stress electric transmission and distribution systems, resulting in increased maintenance costs and limiting the ability to meet peak customer demand.
We are affected by economic activity within our service area.
Higher levels of development and business activity generally increase the numbers of customers and their use of electricity and gas. Likewise, periods of recessionary economic conditions generally adversely affect our results of operations.
Our ability to manage our purchased power costs is influenced by a number of uncontrollable factors.
We are exposed to additional purchased power costs to the extent that our power needs cannot be fully covered by the supplies available from our existing facilities and contractual arrangements. Those needs, and our costs, could be affected by:
Increased demand due to, for example, weather, customer growth, or customer obligations,
The inability to transmit our contracted power from its generation source to our customers due to transmission line constraints, outages, or equipment failures,
Reductions in the availability of power from our owned or contracted generation sources due to equipment failures, shortages of fuel or environmental limitations on operations, and
Failure to perform on the part of any party from which we purchase capacity or energy.
An unexpected change in demand or the availability of generation or transmission facilities can expose us to increased costs of sourcing electricity in the short-term market where pricing may be more volatile.
Our financial performance depends on the equipment and facilities in our distribution system being operational.
Weather conditions, accidents, catastrophic events, and failures of equipment or facilities can disrupt or limit our ability to deliver electricity and gas. Efforts to repair or replace equipment and facilities may not be successful, or we may be unable to make the necessary improvements to our distribution system, causing service interruptions. The resulting interruption of services could result in lost revenues and additional costs.
We face construction risk in connection with the completion of generating units.
We have assumed risks under the agreements related to our ownership interest in two 615 MW coal-fired generating units being constructed in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. The completion of this project is subject to construction risks over which we will have limited or no control and which might adversely affect project costs and completion time. These risks include shortages of, the inability to obtain, or the cost of, labor or materials; the inability of the general contractor or subcontractors to perform under their contracts; strikes; adverse weather conditions; the inability to obtain necessary permits in a timely manner, legal challenges and appeals to granted permits, including the WPDES permit, and changes in applicable laws or regulations; governmental actions; and events in the global economy. In addition, in the case of the units being constructed in Oak Creek, if the units' final construction costs exceed the fixed costs allowed in the PSCW order, this excess will not be recoverable from MGE or its customers unless specifically allowed by the PSCW. Any Oak Creek project costs above the authorized amount, but below a 5% cap, will be subject to a prudence determination made by the PSCW.
Financial Risk
We are exposed to commodity price risk relating to our purchases of natural gas, electricity, coal and oil.
We face commodity price risk exposure with respect to our purchases of natural gas, electricity, coal and oil, SO2 allowances and risk through our use of derivatives, such as futures, forwards and swaps, to manage that commodity price risk. We could experience increased costs as a result of volatility in the market values of those commodities. We could also experience losses on our derivative contracts as a result of that market value volatility or if a counterparty fails to perform under a contract. In the absence of actively quoted market prices and pricing information from external sources, the valuation of these derivative contracts involves our exercise of judgment and use of estimates. As a result, changes in the underlying assumptions or use of alternative valuation methods could affect the reported fair value of these contracts.
We are exposed to interest rate risk.
We are exposed to interest rate risk on our variable rate financing. MGE Energy had $103.5 million of variable-rate debt outstanding at December 31, 2007, including $61.0 million for MGE. Borrowing levels under commercial paper arrangements vary from period to period depending upon capital investments and other factors. Such interest rate risk means that we are exposed to increased financing costs and associated cash payments as a result of changes in the short-term interest rates.
Market performance affects our employee benefit plan asset values.
The performance of the capital markets affects the values of the assets that are held in trust to satisfy the future obligations under our pension and postretirement benefit plans. We have significant obligations in these areas and hold significant assets in these trusts. A decline in the market value of those assets may increase our current and longer-term funding requirements for these obligations.
We are exposed to credit risk primarily through our regulated energy business.
Credit risk is the loss that may result from counterparty nonperformance. We face credit risk primarily through MGE's regulated energy business. Failure of contractual counterparties to perform their obligations under purchase power agreements, commodity supply arrangements or other agreements may result in increased expenses for MGE as a result of being forced to cover the shortfall in the spot or short-term market, where prices may be more volatile.
As a holding company, we are dependent on upstream cash flows from our subsidiaries for the payment of dividends on our common stock.
As a holding company, we have no operations of our own, our ability to pay dividends on our common stock is dependent on the earnings and cash flows of our operating subsidiaries and their ability to pay upstream dividends or to repay funds to us. Prior to funding us, our subsidiaries have financial obligations that must be satisfied, including among others, debt service and obligations to trade creditors, and are subject to contractual and regulatory restrictions on the payment of dividends.
Disruptions in the financial markets as a result of the effects of sub-prime financing and related matters may affect our ability to finance at a reasonable cost and in accordance with our planned schedule.
The credit markets have experienced some disruption and uncertainty as a result of the developments associated with sub-prime mortgage issues. To the extent that such issues affect the ability or willingness of credit providers or investors to participate in the credit markets or particular types of investments, or affect their perception of the risk associated with particular types of investments, our cost of borrowing could be affected.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
MGE Energy and MGE
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Electric Generation
Net generating capability in service at December 31, 2007, was as follows:
|
Plants |
|
Location |
& |